“Three Colors: White” (original title: “Trois couleurs: Blanc”), directed by Krzysztof Kieślowski and released in 1994, is the second film in the acclaimed Three Colors Trilogy, which also includes “Blue” and “Red.” The trilogy, inspired by the colors of the French flag, explores themes of liberty, equality, and fraternity. “White” focuses on the theme of equality and examines personal and societal relationships through a lens of dark humor and irony.

The film follows the story of Karol Karol (played by Zbigniew Zamachowski), a Polish immigrant living in Paris who experiences a series of misfortunes after his wife, Dominique (Julie Delpy), files for divorce and humiliates him in court. Stripped of his identity and faced with the challenges of being an outsider, Karol is determined to reclaim his dignity and happiness.

Kieślowski’s direction is marked by a blend of realism and surrealism, effectively portraying Karol’s emotional journey. The cinematography by Piotr Sobociński captures the contrasting environments of Paris and Poland, highlighting the cultural and personal dislocation that Karol experiences. The visual style is characterized by a muted color palette, reflecting the film’s themes of loss and resilience.

As Karol returns to Poland, he devises a plan to rebuild his life and seek revenge against Dominique, showcasing a mix of resourcefulness and cunning. The film examines themes of revenge, identity, and the complexities of love, exploring how individuals navigate their relationships in the face of adversity. Karol’s journey is both comical and tragic, creating a nuanced portrayal of his struggles.

The performances are strong, particularly Zbigniew Zamachowski, who brings depth to Karol’s character, navigating his emotional highs and lows with skill. Julie Delpy also delivers a memorable performance as Dominique, embodying the complexities of her character’s motivations and actions.

Musically, the film features a score by Zbigniew Preisner that enhances the emotional resonance of the narrative. The music complements the film’s tone, balancing moments of levity with the underlying melancholy of Karol’s journey.

“Three Colors: White” is often viewed as a commentary on the nature of equality in relationships and society. It raises questions about power dynamics, personal agency, and the ways individuals seek to reclaim their sense of self in challenging circumstances. The film’s ending encapsulates the theme of resilience, leaving viewers with a sense of hope amidst the complexities of life.

Overall, “Three Colors: White” is a compelling and thought-provoking film that stands out within Kieślowski’s celebrated trilogy. Its blend of humor, tragedy, and social commentary makes it a rich cinematic experience that resonates on multiple levels. The film invites audiences to reflect on the nature of human relationships and the pursuit of dignity in a world marked by inequality.